Problems of skin diseases in the newfangled world.

In familiar, all diseases of the fleece can be divided into several bright groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular contagion caused by pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most common diseases of the fleece of any mature group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by means of pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Chronic communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a moderately common collection of strip diseases caused by divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a club of skin diseases caused away an allergic incrustation repulsion to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused usually by changes in the upset practice: itchy hull, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most prevalent lingering abrade sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an humdrum, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Eczema, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective accumulation infection characterized by lesions of connective chain subsume lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disease, the particular or primary morphological feature of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized during nonspecific irritation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa hardened, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable shell disability, manifested beside various pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of skin appendages (sebaceous glands, ringlets and nails) comprehend seborrhea, and the sickness developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a sacrilege of its pigmentation, mostly caused past disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the true hint of restored boils at exceptional stages of improvement in different parts of the body. As a result, the disease is defined as a chronic relapsing passionate process.
The most visit sites of localization boils are the clock (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The bug usually develops on areas of skin trauma, requite minutest, in the colour of a single blurry, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the changeless as that of a one boils (rind contamination, scratches, enormous secretion of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as incredibly as the weakening of the protected eminence (defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in linking with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Absolutely ordinarily there are cases where furunculosis is a intricacy of other skin diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Individual boils expatiate on as put: on the shell the waters unpleasant pustule appears vivacious red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the prepare of evolving, it begins to protrude exceeding the conical healthy veneer, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the pustule, accompanied past copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The characteristic between separate furuncle and furunculosis is that the bearing of multiple boils may weaken the forgiving: fever may appear, the passive complained of overall weakness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Thinkable complications of the disease chiefly play when it is localized on the president (overlook), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic irritation of the hardly hair follicles, which merge to cultivate a free traitorous infiltrate. As per usual develops as a arise of the yet factors that seethe (skin contamination, offence, unwarranted seepage of torment oneself glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous accumulation, the most familiar duty of appearance formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, keester and earlier small back.
Since the fervent process involves distinct curls follicles, the carbuncle, in oppose to the boil, a two necrotic cores. Irritated film is infinitely swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of run-of-the-mill condition of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may ascend to 40 degrees), inconvenience, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain at the area of localization of irritation, the patient feels a inclusive irresoluteness, denial of appetite.
After a standard space revealed an inflamed follicle, forming a sprinkling openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering ulcer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a tempestuous star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a handful areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics around the localization of inflammation (in the prematurely stages of advancement), the social of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the outer layer and its appendages (hair and nails) caused during pathogenic fungi of other genera. They into a significant lodgings quantity the mycoses.
Among the fungal diseases from identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a circle of so-called deep mycoses. It also includes a party of psevdomikozov, agents which occupy an halfway position between fungi and bacteria.
The most common skin diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate husk diseases eidermofitiya stopping up rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most run-of-the-mill of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can abuse not at worst the hide of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the maturity of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of exclusive hygiene, sanitary-epidemic direction in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be extended on wet surfaces, in putrescent waters.
Less regular keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting lone the appear areas of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Entirety the grand keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The do in of the incrustation, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a disease caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in heterogeneous ways, including the increase of candidiasis is possible with irrational manipulate of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, pre-eminent to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are character of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the fleece, there are sundry bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The danger of unfathomable fungal infections is that they affect the deeper layers of decorticate, subcutaneous accumulation, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If nail fungus is at times required surgery - shifting of infirm nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on assorted types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the typewrite of legate: vulgaris (overused) are caused around pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Customary (vulgar) education are customarily observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples colour pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, curt interface, whose dimensions range from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Strand warts are found by in children and young adults. They are a multiple round or oviform papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Most often located on the face, neck, chest, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly superior to before the unchanging of vigorous skin.
Plantar can develop at any duration, they provoke the appearance of micro a stop to excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, definite, firm to the touch with the production of a uncivil surface. Some of them quickly stabbing, particularly those in the scope of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and stand for the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried wrong on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted alongside handle contact (including sexual) and including the use of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more garden-variety in preschool children. In persons of mean and old age murrain provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the disease is accompanied aside HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an secondary sign of them.
The incubation space is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The contagion is manifested about the illusion of the outer layer percipience of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the component detected a built indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish pasty mass.
The numeral of emerged nodules may be original: one most located on the impudence, neck, back of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the coating and grouped into peewee pockets. In the containerize of the virus into the body through voluptuous conjunction molluscum contagiosum on numerous occasions localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to coalesce, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the supposed "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the simultaneous emergence of unique elements in the then simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Herpes - a continuing disease of the skin, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The hasty is a decarbonated papules of miscellaneous sizes that have to merge into considerable pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the moment it is inseparable of the most overused lasting diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is simulated not solitary the outside, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this idea is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories non-standard irregardless the commencement of the disorder: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased cell rise), neurogenic (predisposition of the ruffled method) and others.
In psoriatic peel revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, typical of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses start in the papillary dermis - the dilatation of capillaries, the inflaming infiltrate.
The condition of the affliction is characterized around a medley of start: the disease can start bordering on unnoted before the unfailing with the appearance of multiple papules and may manifest impetuous spread of the fell surface scars. The malady is caused by the seasons: as a consequence, the most common "winter" species with exacerbations during the emotionless ready, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a half-bred category of exacerbation which arise at any habits of year.
There are several forms of the sickness: psoriasis routine exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - pelt lesions of an insurgent simplicity, resulting from fleshly weight on it. There are plain and allergic graze lesions.
The emergence of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), physical contact (high or small temperatures - a long or frostbite, dispersal, unconscious emphasis, stirring current, etc.). The inflammatory process develops in the skin at the placement is strictly stimulus effects, and its hardness depends on the zeal and exposure leisure stimulus, as manifestly as the properties of the fleece and the localization of rebellious lesions. There are three stages of the ailment: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the incrustation is constantly, you puissance congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A uncontrived manifestation occurs immediately after communicating to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The at most exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of skin, a clinical representation that melodious hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed group to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are put forward in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg fraction dyes).
The clinical picture of allergic nature of the disease is as follows: the shell reddens without the pattern of utterly boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with clear or hazy purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis differs from the plain particulars that the elementary affects the shell, not only on the effects of stimulus location, but also extends beyond its effects. In place of model, the effects of an allergic reply to on one's uppers attribute ink can spread on the face, neck and tranquil chest. Self-serving feelings of the acquiescent is most often characterized on a distinct itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the phenomenon of serious eminence are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the instinct that causes the necessity to comb the skin. On the face of it, this identification of distress, but in modified profile, which occurs when a weak stimulation of cutaneous balls endings responsible for misery perception. Some scholars bear identified in android skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the veneer;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a heterogeneity of pathological lesions of the upset approach, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine class (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a several of scrape diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain pelt diseases, itching is their however clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly wilful, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized at near paroxysmal, his seizures usually occur in the evening and night time. Is intolerable number, so much a off one's rocker bark brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or punctually character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Categorize the following subtypes of generalized itching: time-worn, high-altitude, solar (headlamp). An antique staff appears in the along in years (upon 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the company including the skin. High-rise is observed when people rise to a extreme fell of past 7000 m overhead quantity focus be, it arises as a sequel of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is anticipated to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized by limited, it usually occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching chronic inflammation in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued actuality of itching can lead to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized skin ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disorder might, negative cash flow death of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing epidermis sickness of frenzied nature, which is characterized by the arrival of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the crystallization of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a disregarding of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: meagre and limited. Rambling is an allergic feedback to the stimulus. It can promote not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, brook, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as good-naturedly as functional disorders of the medial disturbed structure, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine countryside (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The sheer role in the event of this disease are disorders of the sensitive and endocrine systems. It can happen at any age.
The main trait is the air of digressive neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized alongside itching. Papules care for to merge into continuous lesions with subsequent lichenification of the skin. Such centers inveterately are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin crop up on the face, encourage and coffer on the veneer become visible pink erythema, with no uncloudy boundaries and characterized past lightly made desquamation. The tenacious complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in trustworthy areas of the skin, itchy and quite glowing about a tough dish, looks like polished. Because scratching can league with pyococcus infection. The fleece becomes tiresome, prospering gray.
The dogged observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep intrusion, hankering loss, hypotension, Vitiligo, soft spot, lethargy, hypoglycemia, etc. The sedulous becomes irritable, snivelling, peradventure lowering of body weight.
The illness is characterized near a prolonged obviously with a relative of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Possibly the sequence of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable line of the cancer, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Slim neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the pelt, the most customary localization - rear and side of the neck, the skin around the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited appearance are divided into three zones:
center, the predominating present of which is lichenification of the skin;
Sorry - that locality of ​​the incrustation, which become visible polished papular rash of peewee appraise;
unessential, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized sooner than enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as admirably as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a result, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The tumult of drip of sebaceous glands are usually caused by an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most again this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this disease are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all skin appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by proscription of the option sebaceous discharge that occurs as a d‚nouement develop of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, coffer and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (rigid and liquid), and wearying blended.
If there is a chock-full soapy seal and reduced suppleness of the abrade, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Then a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze doused of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a chock-full congregate of tallow. The hair in this form of the disease become uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluid form is characterized before fatty losneniem film pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The ringlets of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a large bevy of yellowish scales; viable alopecia. Extent the complications produce folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea discrete reduced excretion of wealthy, copious hint on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales arise, as a rule, or the whole superintendent, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are easily separated and in to the clothes. Hair's breadth becomes dreary and brittle. In this type of contagion on the lamina arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of numerous matter-of-fact scales - seboreidy.
The parched form of the disease is accompanied by means of egocentric sensations: patients wail of a tender of tightening of the pelt, tingling, first growing after washing with hibernal water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized around enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and fruitless outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of portly was observed exclusively in the frontal and parietal regions.